Although high school coaches are encouraged to obtain certifications in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), automated external defibrillators (AED), and first aid (FA), there is no national and few state mandates for coaches to maintain adequate knowledge regarding emergency care for youth athletes. As youth participation in organized events…

This paper takes on a different address to youth fitness testing from previous literature by applying a cross-cultural comparison of youth fitness testing in both the US and China. Utilizing a modified version of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model, the chronosystem (historical evolution over time), and macrosystem (social and cultural vantage…

Background: Project Fit America (PFA) curriculum was initiated in 1990 with a mission to provide opportunities for all American children to be fit with unique lessons and outdoor fitness equipment. Purpose: In this study, the physical education (PE) fitness testing scores of elementary school students were examined to determine the effect of PFA…

This study analyzed the effect of Physical Best (PB) Curriculum on activity levels of children in physical education class. Activity levels of elementary school students (N=92, males = 50, females = 42) were recorded throughout six normally scheduled physical education class periods. Students participated in both traditional and PB curriculums and…

One of the sports for the Special Olympics is snow-shoeing. In Hong Kong training for this sport occurs in the sand and is called sand-shoeing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a sand-shoeing training program (STP) of the Special Olympics Hong Kong (SOHK). Two hundreds and thirty-two Grade 1 to 12 special school students with intellectual…

Nigeria has a diversified culture with huge cultural resources for entertainment which includes rich songs composed for various social and religious functions. Even though dance movement is involved, traditional music and dance are not structured for physical fitness. This study determined the effects of indigenous aerobic dance music on…

Early childhood (3 - 5 years) is a critical time for establishing healthy behaviours and attending to early areas of development associated around physical literacy (PL), social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) and cognitive skills (CS). Alarmingly, recent international research has identified that many young children do not display acceptable and…

Drawing on a specific case of the El-Hawwar Sporting Club, located in El-Mansoura, Egypt, the primary intent of this study was to identify variables and key factors that contribute to an effective sport marketing promotional mix, used to enhance visibility and consumption of products and services of the sport organization. A total of 100…

The increasingly critical role of technology in teaching has resulted in noticeable reform efforts and updating Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) programs to meet new educational needs. This study investigated the technology components included in PETE undergraduate curricula in U.S. public research universities. Using comparative…

The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of a disability sport curriculum on students' perceptions towards individuals with physical disabilities. Three fifth grade physical education classes (n=40) participated in seven disability sport lessons that included goalball, sled hockey and sitting volleyball. Data collection included…

Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) is a complex and intricate theory applied in a variety of contexts. This review investigates the five key attributes of innovation in DOI (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability), as well as the stages of diffusion within innovators (early adopters, early majority, late…

Two weeks into a new academic school year, a physical education (PE) class of 25 grade nine girls completed a survey relative to their previous PE experiences. Following the completion of a six-lesson territorial games unit using the six-step teaching game for understanding (TGfU) model taught by a guest certified female teacher with TGfU…

Understanding factors that motivate players to continue participation in sport can foster long-term participation and positive retention rates. The aim of this research was to determine the extent to which a player's decision to not return to Australia's National Rugby League (NRL) in 2017, was influenced by four experiences, which are…

This study examined cooperating teachers (CTs) who work with student teachers engaged in their culminating 20-week teaching placements in local schools. Specifically, the research question pertained to whether the practices and teaching behaviors of CTs were similar to the effective teaching literature that is taught to students in their physical…

This study examines the current state of volleyball in the USA against a heuristic model for high performance sport integrated with mass participation. A questionnaire was utilized for the following elements of the model: talent development; advanced athlete support; training centers; competitions; intellectual services; partnerships with…