The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA; P.L. 89-329) authorizes numerous federal aid programs that provide support to both individuals pursuing a postsecondary education and institutions of higher education (IHEs). Title VI of the HEA authorizes programs and funding for the U.S. Department of Education (ED) to award grants in support of international and foreign language studies. ED's International and Foreign Language Education (IFLE) office administers these programs. The purpose of the Title VI programs is to build the nation's cultural and foreign language capacity, particularly in less commonly taught languages (LCTL), through grants to IHEs. More broadly, these programs intend to develop Americans' ability to understand and interact with people from other societies, to improve diplomacy and global cooperation, and to help U.S. companies compete in international business. Title VI of the HEA was last comprehensively reauthorized in 2008 by the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA; P.L. 110-315). Although funding authority for these programs expired in FY2015, Congress has continued funding them under a variety of appropriations legislation and continuing resolutions; most recently under the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 115-245). This report provides a brief description of each Title VI program and presents policy issues that may arise as Congress considers reauthorization of the HEA. These issues may include (1) whether Title VI program grantees present a balance of viewpoints; (2) whether current reporting requirements adequately reveal gifts grantees receive from foreign sources; and (3) whether currently authorized programs should be eliminated and/or consolidated.