Background: Children with specific language impairment (CwSLI) are consistently reported to have short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) difficulties. Aim: To compare STM and WM abilities in CwSLI with children with pragmatic language impairment (CwPLI). Methods & Procedures: Primary school-aged CwSLI (n = 12) and CwPLI (n = 23) were assessed on measures of STM and WM. Outcomes & Results: CwPLI had significantly higher scores than CwSLI on STM tasks, and this difference could not be accounted for by differences in receptive language ability. There were no between-group differences for WM tasks. The majority of CwSLI and a significant proportion of CwPLI scored in the impaired range on each of the memory measures. In contrast, some CwPLI scored within the normal range. Conclusions & Implications: CwPLI present with a different profile of STM but not WM ability to CwSLI. Clinical implications are discussed. (Contains 2 notes, 3 tables and 3 figures.)