An analysis of the results of six Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Surveys, "The Values and Interests of the Population of Russia" (1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, and 2010), conducted by the Center for the Study of Sociocultural Changes at the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, provides evidence that two stages in the transformation of Russian society are complete and that it is entering its third stage: (1) radical social and economic "reforms" (in the 1990s); (2) the "stabilization" of new structures and processes (1999-2008); and (3) the worldwide financial and economic crisis and a new historical fork in the road of Russia: the "stagnation" or the "modernization" of the structures and processes that have come into being (2009-12 and later). This analysis of the third stage of the transformation of Russian society--modernization--looks at sociocultural spheres that are stagnant and act as brakes on modernization, and examines the hierarchy of the basic values of Russia's population. It reveals the systemic gap between the human dimensions of stagnation in Russia and modernization in the developed countries of Europe, and offers a general sociocultural strategy for the modernization of Russia. (Contains 6 tables, 3 figures and 5 notes.) [This article was translated by Kim Braithwaite.]