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LiCalsi, Christina; Ozek, Umut; Figlio, David – Education Finance and Policy, 2019
Educational accountability policies are a popular tool to close the achievement gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged students. However, these policies may exacerbate inequality if families from advantaged backgrounds are better able to advocate for their children and thus circumvent policy. We investigate this possibility in the context of…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Grade Repetition, Mothers, Educational Attainment
Babcock, Philip; Bedard, Kelly – Education Finance and Policy, 2011
By estimating differences in long-run education and labor market outcomes for cohorts of students exposed to differing state-level primary school retention rates, this article estimates the effects of retention on all students in a cohort, retained and promoted. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in early grade retention is associated…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Elementary School Students, Outcomes of Education, Education Work Relationship