This book is designed to present mathematical problems and tasks that focus on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) curriculum and evaluation standards in the context of aerospace activities. It aims at actively engaging students in NCTM's four process standards: (1) problem solving; (2) mathematical reasoning; (3) communicating mathematics; and (4) making mathematical connections among topics in mathematics to other disciplines and to real life. The activities are grouped according to the missions that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified as its focus: (1) Aeronautics; (2) Human Exploration and Development of Space; (3) Space Science; and (4) Mission To Planet Earth. Suggestions for modifying activities for younger or older students, cross references to related Mission Mathematics activities, and suggestions for further explorations are included. Also included are suggested questions designed to motivate students, encourage them to reason and communicate, and assess students' readiness or progress. The class conversations are designed to help students relate previous experience to the activity, focus on the mathematical task or problem, identify and explore patterns and relationships, apply a problem-solving strategy, and discover connections to other mathematical concepts or other cross-disciplinary links. Appendices contain NASA resources for educators, information on NCTM's home page on the internet, and charting the planets. Contains references for professionals and students. (JRH)