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Regenwetter, Michel; Davis-Stober, Clintin P. – Psychological Review, 2012
Theories of rational choice often make the structural consistency assumption that every decision maker's binary strict preference among choice alternatives forms a "strict weak order". Likewise, the very concept of a "utility function" over lotteries in normative, prescriptive, and descriptive theory is mathematically equivalent to strict weak…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Decision Making, Behavioral Sciences, Validity
Sims, Chris R.; Neth, Hansjorg; Jacobs, Robert A.; Gray, Wayne D. – Psychological Review, 2013
Melioration--defined as choosing a lesser, local gain over a greater longer term gain--is a behavioral tendency that people and pigeons share. As such, the empirical occurrence of meliorating behavior has frequently been interpreted as evidence that the mechanisms of human choice violate the norms of economic rationality. In some environments, the…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Correlation, Learning Experience, Behavior Patterns
Fennell, John; Baddeley, Roland – Psychological Review, 2012
Empirical research has shown that when making choices based on probabilistic options, people behave as if they overestimate small probabilities, underestimate large probabilities, and treat positive and negative outcomes differently. These distortions have been modeled using a nonlinear probability weighting function, which is found in several…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Probability, Psychology, Selection
Marewski, Julian N.; Schooler, Lael J. – Psychological Review, 2011
How do people select among different strategies to accomplish a given task? Across disciplines, the strategy selection problem represents a major challenge. We propose a quantitative model that predicts how selection emerges through the interplay among strategies, cognitive capacities, and the environment. This interplay carves out for each…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Models, Familiarity, Holistic Approach
Regenwetter, Michel; Ho, Moon-Ho R.; Tsetlin, Ilia – Psychological Review, 2007
This project reconciles historically distinct paradigms at the interface between individual and social choice theory, as well as between rational and behavioral decision theory. The authors combine a utility-maximizing prescriptive rule for sophisticated approval voting with the ignorance prior heuristic from behavioral decision research and two…
Descriptors: Internet, Heuristics, Voting, Elections