Ways to improve the training of undergraduate medical students in primary health care are identified, based on a seminar organized by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and the Government of the United Kingdom. Primary health care is concerned with preventing and treating illness and promoting health, based on applying biomedical, behavioral, and health services research and public health experience. Obstacles to reorienting medical education to primary health care include: confusion about the objectives of undergraduate medical education; isolation of medical schools from communities; lack of intersectoral coordination for health purposes; departmentalism in medical education; and political, professional, and commercial resistance to primary health care. Conditions that are needed to reorient medical education include: government commitment, health resources planning, support from medical schools, educational planning, and evaluation procedures. Also discussed are the use of the community as a training setting for primary health care, and orienting the medical school toward primary health care. Appendices include summaries in French, German, and Russian and a list of five questions that were provided to seminar participants. (SW)