These four papers were presented at a symposium on human resource development (HRD) and business outcomes moderated by Barbara L. Swanson at the 1996 conference of the Academy of Human Resource Development. "Incorporating Continuous Learning into a Cultural Change Process" (Carol Ann Zulauf, Joseph A. Ilacqua), focuses on best practices at companies successful in making the transition from defense spending to commercial markets. It determines that these companies need employees with new core competencies and flexibility, who embrace challenge, self-organization, and growth. "The Business Focus of HRD Leaders" (Keith J. Johansen et al.) reports on a study that determined the factors influencing success for HRD leaders are those skill sets related to the business needs of the organization. "How Human Resource Development Helps Small Businesses to Maintain a Competitive Edge" (Robert W. Rowden) compares three successful small manufacturing companies to show the HRD characteristics they have in common: a belief in people as the primary source of competitive advantage, concern for employee well-being, belief that investment in employee development yields a return, meaningful employee involvement, open communication channels, and proactive leadership. "Legal Issues in Human Resource Development" (Bonnie S. Turner) describes three areas identified as having legal implications for HRD: employee participation committees, motivational or value-based training, and intellectual property. Papers contain references. (KC)