This document is intended to provide a discussion of the issues that need to be addressed in the development of peer review guidelines, the options for addressing the issues, and a range of views about such options. The document focuses on peer review with regard to regulatory decisions and contains major sections which deal with: (1) what should be peer reviewed; (2) how should peer review be conducted; and (3) the use of peer review results. The appendix describes the current peer review processes underway at the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A list of suggested readings is also included. (TW)