This paper provides an overview of current trends in the mental health problems of Australia's youth and adolescents. It presents information derived from the most recent and comprehensive Australian surveys of youth mental health, and provides international comparisons and views from professional practice where relevant. An update of trends for the most common and significant mental health problems is required to understand the mental health issues most likely to be encountered when working with young people, and as justification of the focus on intervening early for this age group.