This book describes the implementation of a learning theory based on a holistic interpretation of brain research in two schools--Dry Creek Elementary School (Rio Linda, California) and Park View Middle School (Yucaipa, California). It describes how these two schools engaged in a process of restructuring based on changing mental models. Data were gathered from more than 100 hours of video and audio documentation and a questionnaire sent to schools and educators. Section 1 deals with the changes in the collective philosophy as the new sciences, systems thinking, and comparable developments in other fields replace a Newtonian frame of reference. The new view is that reality is much more fluid, less predictable, and far more interconnected than previously understood. The nature of the education system and educators' roles must be rethought; what is needed is a view of the brain and of learning that is compatible with the new sciences and the whole person. The section concludes with a new paradigm of the brain and mind and with a summary of a theory of learning that can guide new approaches to teaching and education. Section 2 describes work with educators to help them implement brain-based learning. The practical interventions, processes, and strategies had the greatest impact on the sense of community in the schools. The process also helped teachers experiment and develop their creativity. Section 3 identifies the three instructional approaches and perceptual orientations used in becoming learning communities. Twenty-one figures and an index are included. (Contains 282 references.) (LMI)