This paper starts out by describing the research and drafting processes of the "National Medium- and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development Guideline" (2010-20) (hereafter abbreviated as the "Guideline") and analyzes a series of core concepts that ran through the entire process of researching and drafting the "Guideline". It expounds on the strategic goals put forward in the "Guideline" and describes the strategic dispositions the "Guideline" would implement by carrying out government responsibilities, initiating major projects, and instituting pilot projects; presents an across-the-board exposition of the strategic schemes and forward-looking dispositions that China's government wants to fulfill for educational reform and social development; and analyzes the major impacts the "Guideline" will produce in terms of defining the country's development strategies, providing development impetus, bringing about development transformations, and forming new development mechanisms for the cause of socialism.