A study of attitudes of 328 people living around Mt. Elgon National Park showed that more than three-quarters had favorable attitudes toward the conservation of the Park's forest and wildlife resources. They also had favorable attitudes toward the conservation education efforts of various agencies that operated in the area, particularly those of Mt. Elgon Conservation and Development Project and the Mt. Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation Program. Peoples' attitudes varied form one community to another, and were influenced by perceived benefits of conservation to local people, exposure to conservation education, conflicts over the use of the Park's resources and other socioeconomic factors. However, it was concluded that the present positive attitudes of local communities could change if the pressure from the rapidly expanding human and livestock population continues unabated, and if conservation education is not intensified. A multipronged approach involving education, conflict resolution, law enforcement, and measures to reduce the rate of population increase in adjacent areas is necessary in order to ensure the integrity of the Park. (Contains 3 figures and 3 tables.)