This document consists of two booklets, one in Spanish and one in English, both covering the same text: the characteristics of mentally retarded individuals, the prevalence of mentally retarded persons in Texas, causes of mental retardation, prevention possibilities, and services available to mentally retarded persons in Texas. A distinction is made between mental retardation and mental illness, and the four levels of mental retardation (mild, moderate, severe, and profound) are briefly characterized. Estimates presented about the number of mentally retarded persons in Texas indicate that about three percent of the population is mentally retarded, with the majority of these individuals being mildly mentally retarded. Among causes (conditions which hinder development before birth, during birth, or in early childhood) of mental retardation listed are rubella, meningitis, Downs Syndrome, metabolism disorders, destruction of brain tissue, and poor diet. Techniques to prevent mental retardation include corrective surgery; early identification and treatment of poor diet, diseases, and metabolic disorder; and genetic testing and counseling. Texas offers several services, including education and training for mentally retarded persons, outreach centers, diagnostic and evaluation services, and genetic screening and counseling. (CB)