Learning depends on the effective use of basic cognitive processes such as memory and attention, but for optimal learning, learners also need to have awareness of, and control over, these cognitive processes. The literal meaning of metacognition is cognition about cognition or, more informally, thinking about your thinking: a good starting point for use with learners. The power of thinking about thinking should not be underestimated. Teachers need to be provided with continuing professional development opportunities so that they develop the skills to teach their learners how to better apply metacognitive processes to their own and others' learning.