This article deals with questions relating to the role of education and especially Higher Education in the reproduction of class division in society. Social classes and how they are formed and reproduced has always been one of the greatest challenges for Marxism and social theory in general. The questions regarding the role of education, and especially Higher Education, in these processes have been particularly important. In the 1960s and 1970s theorists such as Louis Althusser and Nicos Poulantzas stressed the role of Higher Education, as an Ideological State Apparatus, in reproducing class structure as part of their broader role in the reproduction of the conditions of capitalist power and exploitation. In contrast to this position since the 1990s theoretical interventions, coming from the theoretical traditions of workerism and post-workerism, have insisted on the centrality of entrepreneurial Higher Education as a site of production of class divisions, through a theorization of the importance of immaterial labour in contemporary cognitive capitalism. The article attempts to present, and critique, these two contrasting positions and to offer an alternative reading of Higher Education as a hegemonic apparatus articulating class strategies into research and education policy, internalizing in this process the main contradictions of contemporary capitalist production. (Contains 9 notes.)