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In Search of New Benchmarks: Using L2 Lexical Frequency and Contextual Diversity Indices to Assess Second Language Writing
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Monteiro, Kátia R.; Crossley, Scott A.; Kyle, Kristopher – Applied Linguistics, 2020
Lexical items that are encountered more frequently and in varying contexts have important effects on second language (L2) development because frequent and contextually diverse words are learned faster and become more entrenched in a learner's lexicon (Ellis 2002a, b). Despite evidence that L2 learners are generally exposed to non-native input,…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Benchmarking
Predicting the Proficiency Level of Language Learners Using Lexical Indices
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Crossley, Scott A.; Salsbury, Tom; McNamara, Danielle S. – Language Testing, 2012
This study explores how second language (L2) texts written by learners at various proficiency levels can be classified using computational indices that characterize lexical competence. For this study, 100 writing samples taken from 100 L2 learners were analyzed using lexical indices reported by the computational tool Coh-Metrix. The L2 writing…
Descriptors: Semantics, Familiarity, Discriminant Analysis, Vocabulary Development
Predicting Lexical Proficiency in Language Learner Texts Using Computational Indices
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Crossley, Scott A.; Salsbury, Tom; McNamara, Danielle S.; Jarvis, Scott – Language Testing, 2011
The authors present a model of lexical proficiency based on lexical indices related to vocabulary size, depth of lexical knowledge, and accessibility to core lexical items. The lexical indices used in this study come from the computational tool Coh-Metrix and include word length scores, lexical diversity values, word frequency counts, hypernymy…
Descriptors: Semantics, Familiarity, Second Language Learning, Word Frequency
What Is Lexical Proficiency? Some Answers from Computational Models of Speech Data
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Crossley, Scott A.; Salsbury, Tom; McNamara, Danielle S.; Jarvis, Scott – TESOL Quarterly: A Journal for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages and of Standard English as a Second Dialect, 2011
Lexical proficiency, as a cognitive construct, is poorly understood. However, lexical proficiency is an important element of language proficiency and fluency, especially for second language (L2) learners. Lexical proficiency is also an important attribute of L2 academic achievement. Generally speaking, lexical proficiency comprises breadth of…
Descriptors: Semantics, Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning, Language Fluency