In 10 papers by independent experts, this volume explores the trends in and prospects for research training in member nations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. "Problems and Prospects of Research Training in the 1990s" (Stuart Blume) looks at trends in national policy toward research training and issues of quality. "Research Training in Australia--Policy, Practice, and Directions in the 1990s" (Tim Turpin and Sue Curtis) covers current issues including quality, and postgraduate training. "Research Training in Canada" (Gilles Julien), reviews university degree structure, current status, training and the labor market, and current concerns and initiatives. "Research Training in Finland" (Ulla Ekberg), looks at the Finnish system, steering mechanisms for researcher training, recruiting, characteristics of training, cooperation with business and industry, postgraduate study, and women in training. "Research Training in Italy" (Sveva Avveduto) describes research training inside and outside the university setting. "Research Training in Japan" (Shinichi Yamamoto), details the structure of degrees and scale of training, current organization and content of training, and current problems and initiatives. "Postgraduate Research and Training in the United Kingdom" (Robert G. Burgess and others), explores development of training; current dimensions and structure; training in the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and financing; student motives and experience; the labor market and an institutional response. "Postgraduate Research Training in the United States" (Jules B. Lapidus and others), discusses degree and training structures, current organization and content of training, issues and concerns, and new initiatives. "Research Training in the Czech Republic" (Dana Tollingerova and others) reviews preparation for training, postgraduate studies, institutionalization and internationalization, legal conditions, and the current science policy of the government. An appended paper, "Research Training and Employment for Holders of Doctorates in France--The Activities of the Association Bernard Gregory (ABG)" (Jose Ezratty) describes the origin, operation and studies of the ABG, European initiatives, and the international mobility of French postdoctoral researchers. (Papers contain references.) (JB)