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Download full textHolt, Carleton R.; Range, Bret; Pijanowski, John – International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 2009
Literature on retention focuses on both short term and long term outcomes for retained students. Short term outcomes typically include academic achievement, self-esteem issues, and occurrence of behavior problems. Long term outcomes include academic growth and persistence to graduation. Regardless of the focus and intent of the study, research on…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Longitudinal Studies, Self Esteem, Academic Persistence
Levin, Benjamin – 2000
This paper, which is part of a larger comparative project, outlines a conceptual framework for studying large-scale education reform across political jurisdictions. A great deal of comparative work on education reform is now being done, but this work often lacks a clearly articulated conceptual frame. This paper, based on studies of change in five…
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries
