The aim of this book is to investigate the motives for action on language behavior, whether this means corpus, status, or acquisition planning. It examines such questions as why individuals, groups, and governments try to influence their own or others' language behavior or language attitudes, and what drives authorities to try to control, favor, or repress particular forms of language in use, or encourage hatred, fear, or support for particular languages or language varieties. Motivation is complex, usually involving at least three components: motives, attitudes, and goals. Seven motives that seem to recur are political (identity, insecurity, ideology and image); social (inequality and integration); or economic (instrumentality); although actual motives are often mixed. Attitudes require an understanding of knowledge about language, emotion towards it, and the likelihood of a response to an issue. Goals, needs, and strategies towards language issues are often mixed too. The relationship between motives, attitudes, and goals is discussed in the light of a number of examples of policy and planning, selected from across the world. The book concludes from these data that dynamic identity construction, followed by a willingness to act in conformity with expectations, are key elements in the planned behavior and reasoned action that all authorities take in relation to language. (Contains 149 references.) (KFT)