The International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics created by the International Congress of Mathematics at Rome, Italy, in 1908, submitted a large body of reports to the congress at Cambridge, England, in 1912. Those for the United States have been published as bulletins for the Bureau of Education. The material in this bulletin shows that the types of school organization and curricula in mathematics of the leading nations of Europe have much more in common with each other than with those in the United States. All of the statements of fact in this bulletin are based upon reports of the international commission to the congress at Cambridge. Unless otherwise stated, it is to be understood that the European schools are for boys only. Relatively little as yet done in most of the European schools for the mathematical education of girls beyond the fundamentals of arithmetic. Following an introduction, the following contents are included: (1) General arrangement of the courses in typical schools of the various countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States; (2) The work in mathematics in the first school year; (3) The work in mathematics in the second school year; (4) The work in mathematics in the third school year; (5) The work in mathematics of the fourth school year; (6) The work in mathematics in the fifth school year; (7) The work in mathematics in the sixth school year; (8) The work in mathematics in the seventh school year; (9) The work in mathematics in the eighth school year; (10) The work in mathematics in the ninth school year; (11) The work in mathematics in the tenth school year; (12) The work in mathematics in the eleventh school year; (13) The work in mathematics in the twelfth school year; (14) Graphic representation of work in mathematics; (15) Certain important points of difference between the work in mathematics abroad and in the United States; and (16) Bibliography. (Contains 6 tables and 1 footnote.) [Written with the Editorial cooperation of David Eugene Smith, William F. Osgood, and J. W. A. Young. Best copy available has been provided.]