This article reports a holistic approach to assessing online discussions. This holistic approach integrates three assessment methods: assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning. Assessment of learning directly examines students' learning products to decide whether they have achieved the expected learning through online discussions. Assessment for learning evaluates student learning process through online discussion. Assessment as learning engages students in the assessment process and develops the students' capabilities to be critical assessors of their own learning. This article discusses designs, practices, and reflections in utilizing this holistic approach to assessing online discussions.