The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and parents and factors that developed and maintained parental involvement among middle and high school parents. The research included eight teachers (four middle school teachers and four high school teachers) and eight parents (four whose children were in middle school and four whose children were in high school). The researcher interviewed the participants, transcribed their responses, and used grounded theory to analyze the text and develop themes and hypotheses. The researcher found (a) teachers' perceptions toward parental involvement impacted parents' willingness to be actively involved in their children's school-related activities; (b) professional development could mitigate parents' reluctance by improving teachers' sense of self-efficacy regarding appropriate interactions with parents; and (c) regularly scheduled workshops could improve parents' level of involvement if preceded by intentional and personal invitations to parents who were not actively involved or less likely to remain involved. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]