Forms of address in Afghan society reflect the relationships between the speakers as well as the society's structure. In Afghan Persian, or Dari, first, second, and last names have different semantic dimensions. Boys' first names usually consist of two parts or morphemes, of which one may be part of the father's name. Girls' names usually consist of only one part, but sometimes two. Where the actual first name is considered to consist of a subordinate, or common, name plus a proper given name, the proper name is used. In cases where both parts are considered important, both must be used. Ox-names or nicknames may also be used in place of the given name. In some cases an honorific or a patronymic name may be used. A teknonymous name (a kinship name plus the relative's first name) is used when the addressee is older than the addressor. Married parents address each other with the eldest child's name; childless couple uses /o:/ ("hey!") or a kinship pattern. Younger family members use a kinship term rather than a name to address older members. Diminutives are used between peers and by older members in speaking to younger ones. Generally, the use of titles must include the first name and may or may not include the last name; and the majority of people in Afghanistan do not have a last name. Like the use of names, kinship terms, and titles, Dari pronouns of address reflect varying degrees of respect, power, education, and age. (AM)