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Cooper, Melanie M.; Corley, Leah M.; Underwood, Sonia M. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2013
The connection between the molecular-level structure of a substance and its macroscopic properties is a fundamental concept in chemistry. Students in college-level general and organic chemistry courses were interviewed to investigate how they used structure-property relationships to predict properties such as melting and boiling points. Although…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, College Science, Molecular Structure, Scientific Concepts
Krist, Christina; Schwarz, Christina V.; Reiser, Brian J. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2019
Mechanistic reasoning, or reasoning systematically through underlying factors and relationships that give rise to phenomena, is a powerful thinking strategy that allows one to explain and make predictions about phenomena. This article synthesizes and builds on existing frameworks to identify essential characteristics of students' mechanistic…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Heuristics, Epistemology, Middle School Students
Grimberg, Bruna Irene; Hand, Brian – International Journal of Science Education, 2009
The purpose of this study was to reconstruct writers' reasoning process as reflected in their written texts. The codes resulting from the text analysis were related to cognitive operations, ranging from simple to more sophisticated ones. The sequence of the cognitive operations as the text unfolded represents the writer's cognitive pathway at the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Content Analysis, Grade 7, Middle School Students