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Krist, Christina; Schwarz, Christina V.; Reiser, Brian J. – Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2019
Mechanistic reasoning, or reasoning systematically through underlying factors and relationships that give rise to phenomena, is a powerful thinking strategy that allows one to explain and make predictions about phenomena. This article synthesizes and builds on existing frameworks to identify essential characteristics of students' mechanistic…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Heuristics, Epistemology, Middle School Students
Grimberg, Bruna Irene; Hand, Brian – International Journal of Science Education, 2009
The purpose of this study was to reconstruct writers' reasoning process as reflected in their written texts. The codes resulting from the text analysis were related to cognitive operations, ranging from simple to more sophisticated ones. The sequence of the cognitive operations as the text unfolded represents the writer's cognitive pathway at the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Content Analysis, Grade 7, Middle School Students
Andrews, Richard; Torgerson, Carole; Low, Graham; McGuinn, Nick – Cambridge Journal of Education, 2009
A systematic review was undertaken in 2006 to answer the question "What is the evidence for successful practice in teaching and learning with regard to non-fiction writing (specifically argumentational writing) for 7- to 14-year-olds?", using EPPI-Centre methodology. Results showed that certain conditions have to be in place. These…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Nonfiction, Persuasive Discourse, Educational Strategies