Conceived around the notion that there are multiple sources of influence on children's development, this volume describes when, where, and how parenting matters and the major antecedents and moderators of effective parenting. The chapters of the volume are as follows: (1) "Beyond the Nurture Assumption: Testing Hypotheses about the Child's Environment" (Harris); (2) "What Twin and Adoption Studies Reveal about Parenting" (Rowe); (3) "Parenting Effects: Issues and Controversies" (Maccoby); (4) "The Science and Art of Parenting" (Ramey); (5) "What an Intervention Design Reveals about How Parents Affect Their Children's Academic Achievement and Behavior Problems (Cowan and Cowan); (6) "Parenting and Family Influences When Children Are in Child Care: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care" (NICHD Early Child Care Research Network); (7) "Early Educational Interventions for High-Risk Children: How Center-Based Treatment Can Augment and Improve Parenting Effectiveness" (Ramey, Ramey, Lanzi, and Cotton); (8) "Parenting and Academic Achievement: Multiple Paths to Early Literacy" (Morrison and Cooney); (9) "The Adolescent as Parent: Influences on Children's Intellectual, Academic, and Socioemotional Development" (Borkowski, Bisconti, Weed, Willard, Keogh, and Whitman); (10) "From Infant Attachment to Promotion of Adolescent Autonomy: Prospective, Longitudinal Data on the Role of Parents in Development" (Sroufe); (11) "Disruptions in Parenting Behavior Related to Maternal Depression: Influences on Children's Behavioral and Psychobiological Development (Embry and Dawson); (12) "Mediation, Moderation, and Mechanisms in How Parenting Affects Children's Aggressive Behavior" (Dodge); (13) "Parenting and Adolescent Problem Behavior: An Ecological Analysis of the Nurturance Hypothesis" (Dishion and Bullock); (14) "Interparental Relations as a Dimension of Parenting" (Cummings, Goeke-Morey, and Graham); (15) "Parents, Peers, and the Process of Socialization in Primates" (Suomi); (16) "The Role of Parenting in Shaping the Impacts of Welfare-to-Work Programs on Children" (McGroder, Zaslow, Moore, Hair, and Ahluwalia); (17) "Family Structure and Resources and the Parenting of Children with Disabilities and Functional Limitations" (Hogan and Msall); (18) "Parenting Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Ladder of Influence" (Glidden); (19) "The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research on Parenting: Past, Present, and Future Directions" (Feerick, Bristol-Power, and Bynum); and (20) "Parenting Research: Translations to Parenting Practices" (Borkowski, Ramey, and Stile). (Each chapter contains references.) (HTH)