The accountability movement in education and the development of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model encourages school counselors to evaluate the effectiveness of their school counseling program based on student achievement. This study surveyed Wisconsin elementary school counselors to determine their use of accountability practices to evaluate the effectiveness of school counseling programs. A mixed method approach was used in this 2-phase study. In the first phase, elementary school counselors, serving Wisconsin public school students in kindergarten through 5th or 6th grade, were surveyed to determine if and how they were evaluating the school counseling program to demonstrate program effectiveness and guide program improvement. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Of the 261 counselors who participated, 84.6% indicated that they were currently using accountability practices. Participants collected information to guide school counseling program improvement or program planning and to demonstrate program effectiveness. Classroom lessons were evaluated slightly more frequently than small group counseling, large-group activities, or individual counseling. Surveys, questionnaires, and pre/post-test results were the data types used most often to evaluate classroom lessons. Other data types, such as attendance, discipline referrals, and PBIS data were frequently used to evaluate large-group or school-wide activities, small group counseling, and individual counseling. In Phase 2 of this study, four semi-structured interviews were conducted with elementary school counselors and/or state leaders to ascertain their insights into Wisconsin elementary school counselors' use of accountability practices. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]