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Freis, Samantha M.; Morrison, Claire L.; Lessem, Jeffrey M.; Hewitt, John K.; Friedman, Naomi P. – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EFs) and intelligence (IQ) are phenotypically correlated. In twin studies, latent variables for EFs and IQ display moderate to high heritability estimates; however, they show variable genetic correlations in twin studies spanning childhood to middle age. We analyzed data from over 11,000 children (9- to 10-year-olds, including…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Executive Function, Intelligence
Pener-Tessler, Roni; Markovitch, Noam; Knafo-Noam, Ariel – Developmental Science, 2022
Despite the importance of self-control for well-being and adjustment, its development from early childhood to early adolescence has been relatively understudied. We addressed the development of mother-reported self-control in what is likely the largest and longest longitudinal twin study of the topic to this day (N = 1889 individual children with…
Descriptors: Self Control, Child Development, Longitudinal Studies, Children
van Bergen, Elsje; Hart, Sara A.; Latvala, Antti; Vuoksimaa, Eero; Tolvanen, Asko; Torppa, Minna – Developmental Science, 2023
Children who like to read and write tend to be better at it. This association is typically interpreted as enjoyment impacting engagement in literacy activities, which boosts literacy skills. We fitted direction-of-causation models to partial data of 3690 Finnish twins aged 12. Literacy skills were rated by the twins' teachers and literacy…
Descriptors: Literacy, Learner Engagement, Foreign Countries, Literature Appreciation
Viktorsson, Charlotte; Lindskog, Marcus; Li, Danyang; Tammimies, Kristiina; Taylor, Mark J.; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje – Developmental Science, 2023
The ability to perceive approximate numerosity is present in many animal species, and emerges early in human infants. Later in life, it is moderately heritable and associated with mathematical abilities, but the etiology of the Approximate Number System (ANS) and its degree of independence from other cognitive abilities in infancy is unknown.…
Descriptors: Infants, Numeracy, Genetics, Environmental Influences
Kragness, Haley E.; Swaminathan, Swathi; Cirelli, Laura K.; Schellenberg, E. Glenn – Developmental Science, 2021
The development of human abilities stems from a complex interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Numerous studies have compared musicians with non-musicians on measures of musical and non-musical ability, frequently attributing musicians' superior performance to their training. By ignoring preexisting differences,…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Music, Ability, Individual Development
Engelhardt, Laura E.; Church, Jessica A.; Paige Harden, K.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M. – Developmental Science, 2019
Behavioral and molecular genetic research has established that child cognitive ability and academic performance are substantially heritable, but genetic variation does not account for all of the stratification of cognitive and academic outcomes across families. Which specific contexts and experiences contribute to these "shared…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Academic Achievement, Twins, Genetics
Farran, Emily K.; Purser, Harry R. M.; Jarrold, Christopher; Thomas, Michael S. C.; Scerif, Gaia; Stojanovik, Vesna; Van Herwegen, Jo – Developmental Science, 2024
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic syndrome. As with all rare syndromes, obtaining adequately powered sample sizes is a challenge. Here we present legacy data from seven UK labs, enabling the characterisation of cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental trajectories of verbal and non-verbal development in the largest sample of…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Verbal Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Communication Skills
Haughbrook, Rasheda; Hart, Sara A.; Schatschneider, Christopher; Taylor, Jeanette – Developmental Science, 2017
Recent research suggests that the etiology of reading achievement can differ across environmental contexts. In the US, schools are commonly assigned grades (e.g. "A," "B") often interpreted to indicate school quality. This study explored differences in the etiology of early literacy skills for students based on these school…
Descriptors: Genetics, Environmental Influences, Etiology, Emergent Literacy
Mosing, Miriam A.; Madison, Guy; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Ullén, Fredrik – Developmental Science, 2016
The idea of far transfer effects in the cognitive sciences has received much attention in recent years. One domain where far transfer effects have frequently been reported is music education, with the prevailing idea that music practice entails an increase in cognitive ability (IQ). While cross-sectional studies consistently find significant…
Descriptors: Music, Music Education, Cognitive Ability, Intelligence Quotient
Blockmans, Lauren; Kievit, Rogier; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol; Vandermosten, Maaike – Developmental Science, 2024
Literacy acquisition is a complex process with genetic and environmental factors influencing cognitive and neural processes associated with reading. Previous research identified factors that predict word reading fluency (WRF), including phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and speech-in-noise perception (SPIN). Recent…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Predictor Variables, Language Acquisition, Reading Skills
Brankaer, Carmen; Ghesquière, Pol; De Wel, Anke; Swillen, Ann; De Smedt, Bert – Developmental Science, 2017
Cross-syndrome comparisons offer an important window onto understanding heterogeneity in mathematical learning disabilities or dyscalculia. The present study therefore investigated symbolic numerical magnitude processing in two genetic syndromes that are both characterized by mathematical learning disabilities: Turner syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Learning Disabilities, Genetic Disorders, Cognitive Processes
Chow, Bonnie Wing-Yin; Ho, Connie Suk-Han; Wong, Simpson Wai-Lap; Waye, Mary M. Y.; Bishop, Dorothy V. M. – Developmental Science, 2013
This study considered how far nonverbal cognitive, language and reading abilities are affected by common genetic influences in a sample of 312 typically developing Chinese twin pairs aged from 3 to 11 years. Children were individually given tasks of Chinese word reading, receptive vocabulary, phonological memory, tone awareness, syllable and rhyme…
Descriptors: Genetics, Twins, Foreign Countries, Cognitive Ability
Foti, Francesca; Menghini, Deny; Alfieri, Paolo; Costanzo, Floriana; Mandolesi, Laura; Petrosini, Laura; Vicari, Stefano – Developmental Science, 2018
New skills may be learned by active experience (experiential learning or learning by doing) or by observation of others' experience (learning by observation). In general, learning by observation reduces the time and the attempts needed to learn complex actions and behaviors. The present research aimed to compare learning by observation and…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Genetic Disorders, Psychomotor Skills, Visual Perception
Ribas-Prats, Teresa; Arenillas-Alcón, Sonia; Lip-Sosa, Diana Lucia; Costa-Faidella, Jordi; Mazarico, Edurne; Gómez-Roig, María Dolores; Escera, Carles – Developmental Science, 2022
Infants born after fetal growth restriction (FGR)--an obstetric condition defined as the failure to achieve the genetic growth potential--are prone to neurodevelopmental delays, with language being one of the major affected areas. Yet, while verbal comprehension and expressive language impairments have been observed in FGR infants, children and…
Descriptors: Neonates, Developmental Delays, Cognitive Processes, Articulation (Speech)
Ronald, Angelica – Developmental Science, 2011
This selective review considers findings in genetic research that have shed light on how genes operate across development. We will address the question of whether the child is "father of the Man" from a genetic perspective. In other words, do the same genetic influences affect the same traits across development? Using a "taster menu" approach and…
Descriptors: Genetics, Individual Development, Change, Individual Characteristics