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Direct linkWomack, Sean R.; Beam, Christopher R.; Davis, Deborah Winders; Finkel, Deborah; Turkheimer, Eric – Developmental Psychology, 2022
Twins regularly score nearly a standard deviation below the population mean on standardized measures of cognitive development in infancy but recover to the population mean by early childhood, making rapid gains through the toddler years. To date, only polynomial growth models have been fit to model cognitive recovery across childhood, limiting the…
Descriptors: Twins, Cognitive Ability, Genetics, Environmental Influences
Byrne, Brian; Wadsworth, Sally; Boehme, Kristi; Talk, Andrew C.; Coventry, William L.; Olson, Richard K.; Samuelsson, Stefan; Corley, Robin – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2013
The genetic factor structure of a range of learning measures was explored in twin children, recruited in preschool and followed to Grade 2 ("N"?=?2,084). Measures of orthographic learning and word reading were included in the analyses to determine how these patterned with the learning processes. An exploratory factor analysis of the…
Descriptors: Genetics, Preschool Children, Elementary School Students, Kindergarten
Download full textCaplan, Barbara; Blacher, Jan; Eisenhower, Abbey; Baker, Bruce L.; Lee, Steve S. – Grantee Submission, 2021
Emerging research suggests that caregiving environments and genetic variants independently contribute to social functioning in children with typical development or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, biologically plausible interactive models and complimentary assessment of mechanisms are needed to: (1) explain considerable social…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Child Development, Young Children
Lee, Nancy Raitano; Wallace, Gregory L.; Adeyemi, Elizabeth I.; Lopez, Katherine C.; Blumenthal, Jonathan D.; Clasen, Liv S.; Giedd, Jay N. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Supernumerary sex chromosome aneuploidies (X/Y-aneuploidies), the presence of extra X and/or Y chromosomes, are associated with heightened rates of language impairments and social difficulties. However, no single study has examined different language domains and social functioning in the same sample of children with tri-, tetra-, and…
Descriptors: Autism, Language Impairments, Language Skills, Genetic Disorders
Peer reviewedWilson, Ronald S.; Matheny, Adam P., Jr. – Intelligence, 1983
Assessments of the home environments of 116 families whose twins were participants in a longitudinal study of early mental development were conducted. Predictions of offspring intelligence scores increased from ages six months to six years old. Although home/family variables were related to mental development, so were parental education and SES.…
Descriptors: Environmental Influences, Family (Sociological Unit), Family Influence, Genetics
Boley, Nathaniel; Patil, Sanath; Garnett, Emily O.; Li, Hua; Chugani, Diane C.; Chang, Soo-Eun; Chow, Ho Ming – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: The biological mechanisms underlying developmental stuttering remain unclear. In a previous investigation, we showed that there is significant spatial correspondence between regional gray matter structural anomalies and the expression of genes linked to energy metabolism. In the current study, we sought to further examine the relationship…
Descriptors: Stuttering, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Children, Energy
Cavenagh, Penny; Costelloe, Sarah; Davis, Steve; Howell, Peter – Communication Disorders Quarterly, 2015
Five factors (gender, handedness, some aspects of general health, family history, and intelligence) that could assist speech-language pathologists in identification of children who stutter (CWS) in 42 CWS and 34 fluent control children (children who do not stutter [CWNS]) were investigated. The data reported here were obtained from assessments…
Descriptors: Young Children, Individual Characteristics, Stuttering, Disability Identification
Carlson, Abby G.; Rowe, Ellen; Curby, Timothy W. – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2013
Recent research has established a connection between children's fine motor skills and their academic performance. Previous research has focused on fine motor skills measured prior to elementary school, while the present sample included children ages 5-18 years old, making it possible to examine whether this link remains relevant throughout…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Academic Achievement, Visual Perception, Perceptual Motor Coordination
Tillmann, J.; Ashwood, K.; Absoud, M.; Bölte, S.; Bonnet-Brilhault, F.; Buitelaar, J. K.; Calderoni, S.; Calvo, R.; Canal-Bedia, R.; Canitano, R.; De Bildt, A.; Gomot, M.; Hoekstra, P. J.; Kaale, A.; McConachie, H.; Murphy, D. G.; Narzisi, A.; Oosterling, I.; Pejovic-Milovancevic, M.; Persico, A. M.; Puig, O.; Roeyers, H.; Rommelse, N.; Sacco, R.; Scandurra, V.; Stanfield, A. C.; Zander, E.; Charman, T. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
Research on sex-related differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been impeded by small samples. We pooled 28 datasets from 18 sites across nine European countries to examine sex differences in the ASD phenotype on the ADI-R (376 females, 1763 males) and ADOS (233 females, 1187 males). On the ADI-R, early childhood restricted and…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Diagnostic Tests, Observation
Van Den Heuvel, Ellen; Manders, Eric; Swillen, Ann; Zink, Inge – Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 2017
Background: Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are reported to have socio-communicative impairments. Although many of these children are diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), these populations are seldom used as control groups. Hence, information regarding syndrome-specific…
Descriptors: Genetic Disorders, Communication Problems, Interpersonal Competence, Interpersonal Communication
Peterson, Robin L.; Pennington, Bruce F.; Samuelsson, Stefan; Byrne, Brian; Olson, Richard K. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2013
Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the etiologic basis for the association between deficits in phonological memory (PM) and vocabulary in school-age children. Method: Children with deficits in PM or vocabulary were identified within the International Longitudinal Twin Study (ILTS; Samuelsson et al., 2005). The ILTS includes 1,045…
Descriptors: Etiology, Phonology, Short Term Memory, Vocabulary
Breckenridge, Kate; Braddick, Oliver; Anker, Shirley; Woodhouse, Margaret; Atkinson, Janette – British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2013
Attentional problems are commonly reported as a feature of the behavioural profile in both Williams syndrome (WS) and Down's syndrome (DS). Recent studies have begun to investigate these impairments empirically, acknowledging the need for an approach that considers cross-syndrome comparisons and developmental changes across the different component…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Congenital Impairments, Genetic Disorders, Developmental Disabilities
