The number of Saudi female leaders in elite leadership positions in higher education is minimal when compared to their male counterparts. Despite the academic support and integration of Saudi women into male dominated spaces, Saudi women leaders are still under-represented in their involvement in Saudi's higher educational leadership. The primary…

This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a gender-neutral statute that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in programs that receive federal financial assistance. This legislation has been nothing short of revolutionary, paving the way for equal opportunity for millions of women and men.…

Women superintendents have increased in number of positions held in the United States, but they are still underrepresented in the superintendent role. Women continue to be studied in their representation in the superintendent role. In this study, a content analysis was conducted of 51 U.S. dissertations relating to women superintendents located in…

Updated regularly with the most current statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau, "The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap" is a commonsense guide that provides key facts about the gender pay gap in the United States. Topics covered in the report include: the definition of the pay gap and its history; the…

This paper examines whether Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which banned sex discrimination in admissions, was successful in reducing gender disparity in graduate education. Using school-level survey data and a national survey of college degree-holders, I find that female enrollment at graduate schools increased by an average of 18.7…

Gender equity remains an evolving issue within the United States, in spite of the long history of women's rights legislation, including the 1986 ruling by the Supreme Court that a work environment can be declared hostile or abusive because of discrimination based on sex. In the field of education, women are a majority; however, they are a minority…

Recent reports on discrimination in private schools have led some observers to decry the fact that private and charter schools receiving public tax dollars selectively exclude some populations from both employment and enrollment; others, however, note that in these and similar instances the schools have broken no laws. Both may be right. How can…

Since its inception, Title IX, which celebrated its 48th anniversary in June 2020, has promoted gender equity in schools, colleges, and universities across the nation. Title IX not only has helped girls and women throughout the country level the playing field in educational programs such as sports--a frequently cited contribution, especially at…

A pioneer for women's rights and a prominent pop culture icon in a striking white collar, Ruth Bader Ginsburg is best known for her work on the bench; her fiery dissents and scathing arguments are legendary. Ginsburg's legal work in the 1970s marked a major advancement for women's rights, driven by the novel legal strategy she developed to…

Two articles are presented in this column. "Life in an Auto Factory: Simulating how Labor and Management Interact" by Eric B. Freedman describes a classroom simulation of management and labor relations in an auto factory. Classroom handouts are included. The next article, "Women of Action and County Names: Mary Musgrove County--Why…

June 23, 2022 marks the 50th anniversary of the passage of Title IX. This federal civil rights law has been credited with profoundly changing education in the United States by barring sex discrimination in the nation's schools. Title IX, along with other equity laws, helped to unlock access to educational and athletic opportunities, paving the way…

We argue that student evaluations of teaching (SETs) are a key tactic for justifying and maintaining white male dominance in US higher education. As such, tenure and promotion processes that rely on SETs as a measure of 'teaching quality' reproduce racial and gender inequality. We situate the contemporary use of SETs amidst a long history of…

This paper addresses the life and educational experiences of Ainu women, using the framework of postcolonial feminist theory. It explores the extent to which two factors--gender and ethnic minority status--affect young Ainu women as they attempt to enter mainstream society. The authors analyse life history interviews from three Ainu women aged 25.…

Despite the Civil Rights Act and the social revolutions of the era, the term "sex discrimination" was unknown in the 1960s. Discrimination on the basis of sex was rampant in America, especially when it came to women's employment in higher education. After being turned down repeatedly for full-time teaching positions at the University of…

Drawing on archival material and oral testimony of former students, this paper examines the lives and experiences of women in Catholic primary teacher training colleges in Ireland in the period 1922-1974. It commences with a brief overview of the historical context in which these colleges emerged, situating their development within the…