This book draws together some of the emerging theories of directed social change for application to a particular problem: the social, economic, and political positions of Negroes in the United States. An orientation towards social problems, which sees change as a consequence of man's action and thus potentially under his control, has led to the emergence of approaches to social change which may be termed "theories of directed social change." These theories conflict with one another because they differ sharply in the resources they take as prime movers for change. Yet, taken together, they do provide some increment to knowledge both in terms of the kinds of resources that are relevant to social change and the ways these resources are converted to the desired products of change. The book makes no attempt to resolve the conflicts that arise and, thus, to lay out a positive program of change. It attempts to provide a social accounting framework that can show what knowledge is required, and that can use the required knowledge, when it becomes available--as an aid to social policy at all levels of social action. This book grew out of a paper that was prepared for a conference on Race and the Social Sciences at the University of Michigan in October, 1967. The present book is an enlargement and modification of that paper using data from a number of sources to add to the analysis. (Author/JM)