This report presents information compiled by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) from nine fact-finding missions conducted by WIPO in 1998 and 1999 on the intellectual property (IP) needs and expectations of holders of traditional knowledge. The fact-finding missions (FFMs) were designed to enable WIPO to identify the IP needs and expectations of traditional knowledge holders. The purpose of this report is to provide information to WIPO Member States, holders of traditional knowledge, including indigenous peoples, the private sector, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, academic and research institutions and other interested parties, on the IP needs and expectations of traditional knowledge holders expressed to WIPO during the fact-finding missions. The main body of the report is contained in three parts: "Framing the IP Needs and Expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders"; "Identifying the IP Needs and Expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders: Results of the Nine Fact-Finding Missions"; and "Summary, Reflections and Conclusions." Annexes to the report include the following: Contracting Parties of Treaties Administered by WIPO; Terms of Reference for FFMs; Table of Countries Visited; WIPO Interim Mission Reports; Recommendations and Resolutions on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore; List of States, Organizations and Persons Submitting Formal Comments on Draft Report; and Bibliography. (Contains 126 references.) (AEF)