This publication is first in a series of annual updates of statistical information about young children and their families living in poverty in the United States. It builds on the report "Five Million Children: A Statistical Profile of Our Poorest Young Citizens," and incorporates information from the 1990 March Supplement to the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) into the original statistical framework. The data provide an estimate of family poverty status for 1989 as measured by the Federal poverty line, which adjusts for family size, but not for geographic location. In 1989, the poverty line was $9,890 for a family of three and $12,675 for a family of four. Nearly one in every four children under age 6 years lived in poverty in 1989. While 31 percent of all children under 6 years in 1989 were from minority groups, 59 percent of poor children were from minority groups. Children living with single mothers are more likely to be poor, and poverty rates are highest for children living in urban areas. Factors that account for why more than 5 million young children are poor include the following: (1) parental employment status and earnings; (2) family structure; and (3) parental education. The statistical data are illustrated in 13 graphs and 3 tables. (SLD)