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Põder, Kaire; Lauri, Triin; Veski, Andre – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2017
We indicate the size of family background effects in Sweden, Finland, and Estonia--countries that differ in both the rhetoric and extensiveness of the system-level school choice policies. Family background effect is defined as the dependence of student achievement on family background characteristics, such as parental education, income, and social…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences, Family Characteristics
Kirjavainen, Tanja – Education Economics, 2012
Different stochastic frontier models for panel data are used to estimate education production functions and the efficiency of Finnish general upper secondary schools. Grades in the matriculation examination are used as an output and explained with the comprehensive school grade point average, parental socio-economic background, school resources,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary Schools, Efficiency, Statistical Analysis