The aim of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the current status of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) for human resources development (HRD) and the labour market in Israel. It describes the role and involvement of the various sectors in HRD and identifies the barriers, challenges, priorities, initiatives and programmes to promote HRD in Israel. Some of the key findings are: (1) The forecasts of demographic trends in Israel indicate an absolute increase in the proportion of Arab and ultra-orthodox Jewish populations. This shows a need for greater investment in TVET for HRD in order to encourage these groups into gainful employment both for their own sakes and as a boost to the productive workforce of the economy; (2) Poverty is steadily increasing in Israel. The number of low-income workers has risen to 18%; and (3) Israel has lower labour force participation rates (62.2%), lower employment rates (55.7%) and higher unemployment (10.5%) than the US or OECD countries. A bibliography and a list of acronyms are included. (Contains 1 footnote.)