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Einstein, Gilles O.; Mullet, Hillary G.; Harrison, Tyler L. – Teaching of Psychology, 2012
An important recent finding is that testing improves learning and memory. In this article, the authors describe a demonstration that illustrates this principle and helps students incorporate more testing into their learning. The authors asked students to read one text using a Study-Study strategy and one text using a Study-Test strategy. One week…
Descriptors: Testing, Study Habits, Memory, Tests
Einstein, Gilles O.; McDaniel, Mark A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
On the basis of consistently finding significant overall costs to the ongoing task with a single salient target event, Smith, Hunt, McVay, and McConnell (2007) concluded that preparatory attentional processes are required for prospective remembering and that spontaneous retrieval does not occur. In this article, we argue that overall costs are not…
Descriptors: Memory, Costs, Task Analysis, Experimental Psychology
Scullin, Michael K.; McDaniel, Mark A.; Einstein, Gilles O. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
To examine the processes that support prospective remembering, previous research has often examined whether the presence of a prospective memory task slows overall responding on an ongoing task. Although slowed task performance suggests that monitoring is present, this method does not clearly establish whether monitoring is functionally related to…
Descriptors: Cues, Memorization, Recall (Psychology), Memory
Hunt, R. Reed; Einstein, Gilles O. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1981
Presents argument that many factors affecting retention can be understood in context of a distinction between relational and individual item processing. Describes experiments which demonstrate that variables influencing the type of processing produce differential effects upon certain dependent measures. (Author/BK)
Descriptors: Cognitive Measurement, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Memory
Einstein, Gilles O.; McDaniel, Mark A.; Thomas, Ruthann; Mayfield, Sara; Shank, Hilary; Morrisette, Nova; Breneiser, Jennifer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2005
Theoretically, prospective memory retrieval can be accomplished either by controlled monitoring of the environment for a target event or by a more reflexive process that spontaneously responds to the presence of a target event. These views were evaluated in Experiments 1-4 by examining whether performing a prospective memory task produced costs on…
Descriptors: Memory, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology), Task Analysis
McDaniel, Mark A.; Guynn, Melissa J.; Einstein, Gilles O.; Breneiser, Jennifer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2004
Several theories of event-based prospective memory were evaluated in 3 experiments. The results depended on the association between the target event and the intended action. For associated target-action pairs (a) preexposure of nontargets did not reduce prospective memory, (b) divided attention did not reduce prospective memory, (c) prospective…
Descriptors: Memory, Cues, Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes