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Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Online Submission, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum--based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Test Norms
Saven, Jessica L.; Tindal, Gerald; Irvin, P. Shawn; Farley, Dan; Alonzo, Julie – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2014
Previous norms for the easyCBM assessment system were computed using scores from all students who took each measure for every grade and benchmark season (fall, winter, and spring). During the 2013-14 school year, new national norms were developed to more accurately (proportionately) represent reading and mathematics performance by two variables:…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Test Norms, Geographic Regions, Sex
Peer reviewed
Hasbrouck, Jan E.; Tindal, Gerald – Teaching Exceptional Children, 1992
A curriculum-based measurement approach to evaluating and improving oral reading fluency (ORF) in grades 2-5 is presented. A table of norms (medians) in ORF is provided, based on approximately 9,000 students. Specific classroom uses of the norms are suggested, such as use in developing individualized objectives for students with disabilities. (DB)
Descriptors: Disabilities, Elementary Education, Individualized Instruction, Informal Reading Inventories