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Lavrijsen, Jeroen; Nicaise, Ides – European Educational Research Journal, 2015
One of the major imperatives behind the comprehensivisation of secondary education was the belief that postponing the age at which students are tracked in different educational routes would mitigate the effect of social background on educational outcomes. Comparative investigations of large-scale international student achievement tests in…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, Achievement Gap, Equal Education, Student Evaluation
Rose, Norman; von Davier, Matthias; Xu, Xueli – Educational Testing Service, 2010
Large-scale educational surveys are low-stakes assessments of educational outcomes conducted using nationally representative samples. In these surveys, students do not receive individual scores, and the outcome of the assessment is inconsequential for respondents. The low-stakes nature of these surveys, as well as variations in average performance…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Educational Assessment, Data Analysis, Case Studies