Two-way language development programs are full-time programs that use two languages, one of which is English, for the purpose of instruction. Ideally, these programs are composed of elementary or secondary students half of whom are native speakers of English and the other half of whom are native speakers of the other language of instruction. Subject matter is learned through both languages, enabling students to become proficient in a second language. The objectives of two-way language development programs include the following: language minority students will become literate in their native language as well as in English; language majority students will develop high levels of proficiency in a second language; both language groups will perform academically at their grade level, develop positive attitudes toward the two languages being learned and toward the communities they represent, and develop a positive self-image. Two-way programs are different from transitional and immersion programs in that the two-way programs target both language minority and language majority students and do not separate native English speakers from limited-English-proficient students during instruction. In designing a two-way program, classroom composition, program length, staffing, languages of instruction, the separation of the languages of instruction, and instructional setting must all be considered. (VWL)