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Executive Control throughout Elementary School: Factor Structure and Associations with Early Childhood Executive Control
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Nelson, Timothy D.; James, Tiffany D.; Nelson, Jennifer Mize; Tomaso, Cara C.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Developmental Psychology, 2022
This study examined the factor structure of executive control throughout elementary school, as well as associations between executive control abilities in preschool and elementary school. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of executive control development in a community sample of children (N = 294; 53% female, 47% male) oversampled for low…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Elementary School Students, Preschool Children, Predictor Variables
Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function in Early Childhood: Exploring Proximal Mechanisms
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Vrantsidis, Daphne M.; Clark, Caron A. C.; Chevalier, Nicolas; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Wiebe, Sandra A. – Developmental Science, 2020
Although there is substantial evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) predicts children's executive function (EF), the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This study tested the utility of two theories proposed to link SES to children's EF: the family stress model and the family investment model. Data came from the…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Executive Function, Young Children, Correlation
Separating the Fish from the Sharks: A Longitudinal Study of Preschool Response Inhibition
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Wiebe, Sandra A.; Sheffield, Tiffany D.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Child Development, 2012
The development of response inhibition was investigated using a computerized go/no-go task, in a lagged sequential design where 376 preschool children were assessed repeatedly between 3.0 and 5.25 years of age. Growth curve modeling was used to examine change in performance and predictors of individual differences. The most pronounced change was…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Individual Differences, Inhibition, Preschool Children
Charting Early Trajectories of Executive Control with the Shape School
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Clark, Caron A. C.; Sheffield, Tiffany D.; Chevalier, Nicolas; Nelson, Jennifer Mize; Wiebe, Sandra A.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Developmental Psychology, 2013
Despite acknowledgement of the importance of executive control for learning and behavior, there is a dearth of research charting its developmental trajectory as it unfolds against the background of children's sociofamilial milieus. Using a prospective, cohort-sequential design, this study describes growth trajectories for inhibitory control…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Inhibition
Determining the Impact of Prenatal Tobacco Exposure on Self-Regulation at 6 Months
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Wiebe, Sandra A.; Fang, Hua; Johnson, Craig; James, Karen E.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews – Developmental Psychology, 2014
Our goal in the present study was to examine the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on infant self-regulation, exploring birth weight as a mediator and sex as a moderator of risk. A prospective sample of 218 infants was assessed at 6 months of age. Infants completed a battery of tasks assessing working memory/inhibition, attention, and…
Descriptors: Smoking, Mothers, Prenatal Influences, Pregnancy
Executive Function Deficits in Preschool Children with ADHD and DBD
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Schoemaker, Kim; Bunte, Tessa; Wiebe, Sandra A.; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Dekovic, Maja; Matthys, Walter – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Impairments in executive functions (EF) are consistently associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to a lesser extent, with disruptive behavior disorder (DBD), that is, oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, in school-aged children. Recently, larger numbers of children with these disorders are…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Behavior Disorders, Intelligence Quotient, Clinical Diagnosis
A Comparison of Performance on the Towers of London and Hanoi in Young Children
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Bull, Rebecca; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Senn, Theresa E. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: The Towers of London (TOL) and Hanoi (TOH) have been viewed as equivalent measures of planning and/or problem solving, although recent evidence in adults suggests that the underlying measurement characteristics of these two tasks may differ. As tower tasks are one of the few instruments that can be used to assess executive functioning…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Young Children, Short Term Memory, Problem Solving