This qualitative research explores the effects of a gendered educational organization on female leaders at the district office and building leadership level. In explaining the theoretical framework of gendered organizational structures, the literature review describes how inequitable access to power within education produces excessive challenges…

A principal's job is complex, demanding, and multi-faceted. Effective principals shape a school's academic vision and foster a climate for learning. In addition, they develop leadership capacity in teachers and staff, promote sound instructional practices, and use resources and data to drive school improvement (Mendels, 2012). Given these…

Purpose: Secondary school leadership provides multiple challenges in terms of the diversity of tasks, multiple demands on time, balancing communities and attending to instructional programming. An emerging scholarship suggests the importance of a distributed instructional leadership approach to high school leadership. However, what has been less…

We apply a utilization-focused evaluation [UFE] approach to an evaluation of Virginia's latest comprehensive accountability policy--the Standards of Accreditation (SOA). Our study focuses on the implementation experiences of district and high school level administrators in four urban districts. This study is significant in two important ways.…

The history of public education in America is a history of school district mergers. Population growth and improvements in transportation and communication brought isolated communities together. Financial pressures and promises of economies of scale overcame reluctance to merger. In more recent times, federal and state legislation has provided…

In response to the No Child Left Behind legislation (NCLB, 2001), there has been a dramatic shift in schools toward improving student outcomes in the areas of reading and math. NCLB mandates that states establish specified levels of achievement for all students in these content areas and holds them accountable yearly via state assessments…

This dissertation was designed to gain insight in the area of central office instructional leadership support from the perception of the high school principal. With increasing standards and high student performance expectations coupled with strict federal and state accountability measures, it is impossible for the high school principal to bear the…

In "Beyond Test Scores: Leading Indicators for Education," Foley and colleagues (2008) define leading indicators as those that "provide early signals of progress toward academic achievement" (p. 1) and stress that educators "need leading indicators to help them see the direction their efforts are going in and to take…

The Colorado Graduates Initiative demonstrates seven factors that must be present to build an effective statewide collaborative effort to increase high school graduation rates. These include: 1) Leadership to unite diverse stakeholders on specific, common goals and catalyze them into action; 2) A focus on data, particularly on actionable, early…

This technical brief describes updates to a database of dropout prevention programs and policies in 2006/07 created by the Regional Education Laboratory (REL) Northeast and Islands and described in the Issues & Answers report, "Piloting a searchable database of dropout prevention programs in nine low-income urban school districts in the…

The purpose of this study was to discover the ways that central office and school level leaders initiate and advance a culture of continuous professional learning in high schools. The conceptual framework for this study was built from a synthesis of literature related to professional learning and leadership for continuous improvement. Relying…

This report integrates 2009-2010 AISD campus, central office, student climate survey and parent survey responses that address cultural competency in the district. Longitudinal data are provided when available.

A national conference of city supervisors of home economics was called by the U.S. Commissioner of Education, and attended by representatives from 20 States and the District of Columbia, plus one representative from New Zealand. The three-day conference was convened in Washington, D.C., to: (1) bring together supervisors, teachers of home…

This report presents the statistics of public schools in cities for the school year 1921-1922. The bureau has followed the classification based upon population as reported by the Bureau of the Census in 1920. Group I includes all cities having a population of 100,000 or more; Group II includes cities having a population of 30,000 or more, but…

This 1920-1921 educational directory published by the Bureau of Education covers the following categories: (1) The United States Bureau of Education; (2) Department of State: Educational activities; (3) Department of War: Educational Activities; (4) Department of the Navy: Educational Activities; (5) Department of the Interior: Educational…