Driven by the needs of college/university researchers and guided by a blue-ribbon advisory panel chaired by Daniel E. Atkins, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has initiated a broad, multi-directorate activity to create modern cyberinfrastructure and to apply it to transforming the effectiveness of the scientific research enterprise in higher education. National cyberinfrastructure resources--including multi-teraflop computers, multi-terabyte online storage, rich discipline-specific data collections, advanced instruments, connecting networks, and the grid, database, and middleware software technology needed to weave this all together--represent a valuable enabler for researchers on campus. In this article two claims are made about cyberinfrastructure and the campus: (1) Cyberinfrastructure is of strategic value to the college/university as an institution; and (2) Cyberinfrastructure's "last mile," what some might call campus cyberinfrastructure, presents challenges to and relevance for campus IT organizations.