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Peer reviewed
Direct linkFlores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Shadoan, Laura; Monroe, Callye – Journal of Educational Research, 2023
The current study investigated the effects of the concrete-representational-abstract integrated sequence (CRA-I) for teaching fifth grade students receiving tier two interventions within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). The research questions addressed the following: the extent to which students' rational number skills changed as a result…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Number Concepts, Multi Tiered Systems of Support
Margaret M. Flores; Vanessa M. Hinton; Kelly B. Schweck – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2024
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the concrete-representational-abstract--integrated (CRA-I) sequence on students with learning disabilities' performance when learning fraction and decimal concepts. Three elementary-level students in Grades 4 and 6 participated in a single-case multiple probe across behaviors study. The…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Grade 6, Students with Disabilities
Hinton, Vanessa; Flores, Margaret – Rural Special Education Quarterly, 2022
Mathematics is crucial to the educational and vocational success of students. The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) approach is a method to teach students mathematical concepts. The CRA involves instruction with manipulatives, representations, and numbers only in different lessons (i.e., concrete lessons include manipulatives but not…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Addition, Mathematical Concepts, Teaching Methods
Zhang, Shudong; Yu, Shuyuan; Xiao, Jing; Liu, Yunting; Jiang, Ting – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2022
Fractions are an important mathematical concept for elementary students. However, students with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) struggle with learning fractions. Research has demonstrated that concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) instruction is an effective practice for students with learning and developmental disabilities. Here we…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Sequential Approach, Fractions
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Blanton, Erin Noelle – Learning Disability Quarterly, 2023
State standards include fluent use of standard computational algorithms. However, learning and using them require conceptual understanding of numbers and operations. Previous research using the concrete--representational--abstract (CRA) sequence has been effective in teaching computational algorithms to students at risk of and students with…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Multiplication, Distance Education, Students with Disabilities
Chen, Chih-Ming; Chen, Liang-Chun; Horng, Wei-Jiun – Interactive Learning Environments, 2021
The collaborative reading annotation system (CRAS) has been proved its success in promoting reading performance in comparison with traditional paper-based reading. However, there is still lack of an effective formative assessment and feedback mechanisms in the CRAS, which can assist learners to promote their self-regulated learning and reflection.…
Descriptors: Cooperative Learning, Documentation, Reading Comprehension, Formative Evaluation
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M. – Beyond Behavior, 2022
The concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction is an explicit methodology for teaching mathematics using multiple representations of concepts. Learning concepts through multiple representations fosters conceptual understanding and mathematical thinking. This article describes how a special education teacher used explicit CRA…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Students, Emotional Disturbances, Behavior Disorders
Nicole M. McKevett; Robin S. Codding; Kristin R. Running – Remedial and Special Education, 2024
Preschool students' mastery of early numeracy skills is important, so they enter kindergarten with the necessary prerequisite skills, which are predictive of achievement in later elementary grades. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) instructional package on the foundational early…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Numeracy, Mathematics Skills, Program Effectiveness
Download full textAshman, Katherine; Turner, Kristina; Martin, Dona – Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2022
In a direct effort to build a greater understanding of higher education teaching and learning opportunities, this study shares the journey of three university lecturers working to ensure best practice outcomes from criterion-referenced assessment [CRA]. The work was built on a belief that our respective higher education undergraduate students did…
Descriptors: Scoring Rubrics, College Faculty, Feedback (Response), Student Evaluation
AL-salahat, Mohammad Mousa Salem – International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 2022
Geometry is one of the basic areas of school mathematics education, and it is important for elementary students. However, students with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) struggle with geometry learning. Research has demonstrated that concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) teaching is an effective practice for students with learning…
Descriptors: Geometry, Mathematics Instruction, Students with Disabilities, Learning Disabilities
Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M. – Remedial and Special Education, 2022
As students develop understanding and fluency in single-digit operations such as addition, they develop sophisticated strategies and number sense (magnitude, number order, and composition). Deficits in number sense and reliance on inefficient approaches can lead to struggle in mathematics. Intervention research in this area reported effects on…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Intervention, Number Concepts
Morano, Stephanie; Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa; Meyer, Jillian – Exceptionality, 2020
This study compares the effects of a concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) intervention against a modified CRA-Integrated (CRA-I) intervention using a pretest-posttest design with random assignment of matched pairs to intervention conditions. The researchers designed both interventions to improve participants' understanding of and ability to…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Intervention, Mathematical Concepts, Concept Formation
Lorenzo Lacruz, Juan; Cebrián, Virginia Domingo; Nolasco Hernández, Alberto; Olivares, Pilar Abós – International Journal of Leadership in Education, 2022
Rural schools are a distinctive feature in the autonomous community of Aragon, as state-run rural schools are the main cultural institution in small towns. This research was conducted in four grouped rural schools (hereafter referred to by their Spanish acronym, CRAs) in the province of Teruel in 2017. Our objectives included analising the views…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Rural Schools, Instructional Leadership, Teamwork
Flores, Margaret; Morano, Stephanie; Meyer, Jill; Hinton, Vanessa – Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 2022
It is critical that elementary students develop understanding of fractional numbers because understanding concepts such as fraction magnitude predict later mathematics success. Representing fractions in multiple ways assists students in developing a sense of fraction magnitude. A systematic approach to presenting multiple representations is the…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Mathematics, Fractions, Mathematical Concepts
Milton, Jessica H.; Flores, Margaret M.; Hinton, Vanessa M.; Dunn, Caroline; Darch, Craig B. – Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2023
This study investigated the effects of a place value intervention with third-grade students with learning disabilities. The intervention added content to a research-based intervention using the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) sequence. The added content reflected current mathematics standards for third grade. Students' place value…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Students with Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, Intervention
