This article introduces and analyses recent developments in philosophy of education in mainland China and Taiwan. Though Confucianism has very rich insights into education, philosophy of education as a discipline came to China only around 100 years ago. It reached its first climax in the 1920s and 1930s, but then went into decline for nearly half a century. In the meantime, western trained philosophers of education were gaining influence in Taiwan from 1949. After the epoch of the Cultural Revolution and implementation of the open door policy, a revival of philosophy of education occurred in the 1980s, combining the long ruptured Confucian tradition and western philosophy of education with a reconceptualization of Marxist educational ideas. Though western traditions remain dominant, especially in Taiwan, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and neo-Confucianism have all been taken as frameworks in developing educational theories. It is argued, in conclusion, that what is needed is to make a real marriage between traditional Confucianism and western philosophy of education.