School is a complex environment, in which students develop and maintain interpersonal relationships and participate in daily social interactions, whilst continuously engaging in academic activities and learning. The current systematic review provides a configurative overview of the empirical research which explores the association between social…

Examines the conformity of national education policies of UNESCO member states to the principles of UNESCO's Convention against Discrimination in Education (adopted in 1960). Argues that international organizations play an important role in defining, transmitting worldwide, and institutionalizing (primarily Western) educational principles and…

Visionary leaders who take risks, transform schools, and initiate innovations will not emerge from current mentoring structures (comprised of selection, compatibility, sanctions, and conformity), unless these structures are altered. Discusses contradictions between the mentoring paradigm and the call for transformational leaders, and recommends…

Despite the success of Japan's educational system in terms of academic achievement, a closer examination reveals a rigid system that discourages student expression and creativity, stresses conformity, ignores differences in student abilities, and supports an intensively competitive entrance system for high school and college. Discusses negative…

The Phoenix Indian School, which served as a coeducational federal boarding school for American Indian students between 1891 and 1990, was partially excavated in 1995. Drawing upon written records, books, student recollections, and the school newspaper, this report summarizes what was learned from the excavation about life at the school. The first…

The authors discuss how learning disabled (LD) children's beliefs about themselves may be affected by mainstreaming and how those beliefs may influence their social and achievement related behaviors. Using LD and nonLD elementary and junior high school students, a series of studies examined group differences on a variety of self report and…

This paper presents a literature review on self-regulated learning and then reports two investigations. The two investigations identified situations that seemed likely to afford opportunities for self-regulated learning to occur and followed what parents and teachers did to provide implicit support in these situations. The hypothesis was that the…

This paper explores the idea that two important elements are represented within the personality of the most effective principals: the heart of a patriot and the mind of a saboteur. Notions about these sources of principal power are explored from the perspective of the patriot saboteur, by which is meant a combination of a passionate commitment to…

In 1994, about 60 to 70% of Americans supported parental spanking. This paper examines student misbehavior, school discipline, prevention, treatment, and punishment in U.S. society Currently, 23 states still allow paddling in schools, and most states do not allow the spanking of foster children. As of 1994, all but a few of the national…

A review of the literature on teacher socialization reveals emphasis on two broad research categories: outcomes of teacher socialization, and factors that influence those outcomes. Research is consistent with respect to the outcomes of socialization. Progressive and liberal views that students adopt during college shift after their initial…

Improving student motivation and self-concept is now an important concern of principals. Positive results arise from such diverse theories as Skinner's positive reinforcement techniques or Maslow's self-actualization model. Although evidence on cause and effect of motivation is scarce, it does seem likely that motivation is related to student…

As a result of the Holocaust, many survivors developed long term psychosocial impairment known as the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is characterized by depression, anxiety, hypocondriasis, inability to concentrate or to express anger, nightmares, insomnia, obsessive thoughts, guilt, mistrust, and alienation. The literature in this…

Native American tribes have a critical need for effective leadership, which can be found in the brightest of their youth. However, the focus of federal and state Native programs has been to provide remedial education. Historically, Native students at federal boarding schools did not perform at high levels because of low teacher expectations,…

This paper presents a summary of research on outcome-based education (OBE). The first section provides an overview of the evolution and history of OBE in the United States. Other outcome-based models are described in the second section. The third section reviews research on OBE and related concepts, including mastery learning, cooperative…

At the turn of the century, schools in the United States incorporated a curriculum that was decidedly aristocratic and anachronistic. Programs were developed to "Americanize" foreigners, emphasizing conformity to white, middle class, Western European values of patriotism, culture, cleanliness, and social living. Percival Chubb, who for a time was…