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Piantadosi, Steven T.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Goodman, Noah D. – Cognition, 2012
In acquiring number words, children exhibit a qualitative leap in which they transition from understanding a few number words, to possessing a rich system of interrelated numerical concepts. We present a computational framework for understanding this inductive leap as the consequence of statistical inference over a sufficiently powerful…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Number Concepts, Models, Computation
Bonawitz, Elizabeth; Shafto, Patrick; Gweon, Hyowon; Goodman, Noah D.; Spelke, Elizabeth; Schulz, Laura – Cognition, 2011
Motivated by computational analyses, we look at how teaching affects exploration and discovery. In Experiment 1, we investigated children's exploratory play after an adult pedagogically demonstrated a function of a toy, after an interrupted pedagogical demonstration, after a naive adult demonstrated the function, and at baseline. Preschoolers in…
Descriptors: Evidence, Direct Instruction, Preschool Children, Teaching Methods
Cook, Claire; Goodman, Noah D.; Schulz, Laura E. – Cognition, 2011
Probabilistic models of expected information gain require integrating prior knowledge about causal hypotheses with knowledge about possible actions that might generate data relevant to those hypotheses. Here we looked at whether preschoolers (mean: 54 months) recognize "action possibilities" (affordances) in the environment that allow them to…
Descriptors: Evidence, Play, Prior Learning, Hypothesis Testing
Schulz, Laura E.; Goodman, Noah D.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.; Jenkins, Adrianna C. – Cognition, 2008
Given minimal evidence about novel objects, children might learn only relationships among the specific entities, or they might make a more abstract inference, positing classes of entities and the relations that hold among those classes. Here we show that preschoolers (mean: 57 months) can use sparse data about perceptually unique objects to infer…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Preschool Children, Inferences, Abstract Reasoning