This book contains a full discussion on the new private schools established in the South in the wake of integration orders. These schools are known as segregationist academies. The book is divided into two parts. Each was done separately and by a different author. The first part presents a qualitative report designed to present a clear and graphic picture of the nature of the new schools. The second part is a study of eleven particular schools conducted by an educational researcher and supported by computer analysis of test results. The analysis conducted on the eleven schools indicates that the schools operate under severe handicaps. They frequently have an insufficient pool of children from which to draw to assure adequate financial support, inadequately prepared teachers, weak headmasters who lack training and experience in administrative roles, and a restricted curriculum. In spite of the problems, the parents have strong positive attitudes toward the schools. The schools offer solutions to situations which the parents believe would be catastrophic for their children. They also emphasize the parents' values, e.g. neatness, discipline. The qualitative and descriptive data indicate that the private schools which were studied should be of a highly inferior quality as measured by their effects on the children, but the quantitative data suggest that the results are not entirely as expected and that for the children in these private schools, experience in their local public schools might have negative affective effects. The inadequate data which are available suggest that cognitive achievement may be about the same for students in the private schools as for those in the public schools. (Author/AM)