In 1906, the Carnegie unit, or credit hour, was introduced to standardize U.S. public education. It defined the precise number of minutes students needed to learn a particular subject and the number of credit hours required to earn a high school or college degree. At the dawn of the 20th century, the Carnegie unit served the important purpose of…

Early in the twentieth century, the industrialist Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching to create a pension system for the nation's college professors. The introduction of this pension system proved an ingenious educational reform. At the time, American higher education was a largely ill-defined…

Professional organizations have provided recommendations for mathematics teaching and learning; however, few studies have investigated the practical integration of those recommendations into mathematics teacher education programs. In this study, we examine how the reported--"big ideas" of courses in secondary mathematics teacher…

Foreign language teachers and administrative leaders in Louisiana K-12 schools are tasked with providing foreign language education in various settings and under very different teaching environments. The Taylor Opportunity Program for Students (TOPS) require college track high school students to fulfill 2 Carnegie Units. Achieving a fluent level…

The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation's 2014-2015 Foundation Report includes audited financials for Fiscal Year (FY) 2014, audited financials for FY 2015, donor lists, and updates on the organization's work during those two years, including "Woodrow Wilson Perspectives: The End of the Carnegie Unit" (Arthur Levine) and…

Our nation's educational system has scored many extraordinary successes in raising the level of reading and writing skills in younger children. Yet the pace of literacy improvement in our schools has not kept up with the accelerating demands of the global knowledge economy. In state after state, the testing data mandated by No Child Left Behind…

Secondary vocational-technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through…

Secondary vocational-technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through…

This book focuses on the International Examinations Inquiry (IEI), an international, well-funded scientific project that operated in the 1930s, attracting key world figures in educational research, and which undertook significant exchanges of data. Originally involving the USA, Scotland, England, France, Germany and Switzerland, the IEI grew to…

More than ever before teachers, principals, and superintendents are joining with parents and citizens of the community in examining and appraising what the schools are trying to do and how their work can be adequately supported. One of the topics that comes up for frequent discussion in the high school field is the Carnegie Unit. It has been our…

Describes the role of the Carnegie unit in enforcing standards regarding high school instruction and college admission. Reviews growing criticisms of the unit's standards regarding the emphases on time spent in courses, course labels instead of content, the current instructional organization of discrete 40-minute segments, and units earned instead…

In a four-day project, students designed an imaginary gallery based on works in the Carnegie Institute's two museums--the Museum of Art and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. (RM)

A principal responds negatively to "A Nation at Risk" and more positively to the Carnegie Foundation's "High School." He describes how the alternative Jefferson County (CO) Open High School puts some of the Carnegie Foundation's recommendations into practice and details the school curriculum, class atmosphere, apprenticeships,…

This report is the thirteenth of twenty-one reports dealing with the developmental history of a recent educational product: the Holt Social Studies Curriculum directed by Dr. Edwin Fenton. This series of courses stresses an inquiry approach to the study of history and the social sciences, specifically economic and political systems, world history,…

Secondary vocational-technical education programs in Mississippi are faced with many challenges resulting from sweeping educational reforms at the national and state levels. Schools and teachers are increasingly being held accountable for providing true learning activities to every student in the classroom. This accountability is measured through…